Learning Center

Captioning and Interpreting of Films and Videos: Do Both Have a Place?

Author Sheila Chapman, a registered interpreter, relates her experiences in interpreting films and videos, some tips for an interpreter to prepare for this type of interpreting, and reasons why captioning is better.
From Sheila Chapman about captioning, asl-interpreters
Real-Time Captioning

Discusses the uses and problems with real-time captioning
From Gary Robson about captioning
The Closed Captioning Process

Reviews the transcript, formatting, time coding, checking and revision, and encoding steps
about captioning, history
The Telecommunications Act Of 1996

Basic information and provisions of the 1996 law requiring, among other specifics, closed captioning of television programs. Presented on five pages.
about legal, captioning
Viewer Reaction To Different Captioned Television Speeds

A study performed by the Institute for Disabilities Research and Training, Inc. (IDRT), June 1997. Reprinted with permission. This paper includes graphs and charts relating to an experiment studying different captioning speeds. The test subjects included deaf and hard of hearing people as well as hearing people.
about research, captioning
ERIC Digests and Database Reports on Captioning Research Results (Nine Reports)

Included are nine ERIC reports: (1) "Closed-Captioned Prompt Rates: Their Influence on Reading Outcomes.," (2) "Closed Captioned TV: A Resource for ESL Literacy Education.," (3) "Closed Captioned Television for Adult LEP Literacy Learners.," (4) "ESL Literacy for a Linguistic Minority: The Deaf Experience.," (5) "Literacy Instruction Through Communicative and Visual Arts.," (6) "ESL Instruction for Learning Disabled Adults.," (7) "Using the Technology of Closed-Captioned Television to Teach Reading to Handicapped Students: Performance Reports," (8) "Using Captioned TV for Teaching Reading: FASTBACK 359," and (9) "The Effectiveness of Television Captioning on Comprehension and Preference."
about research, captioning
Using Captioned Television to Improve the Reading Proficiency of Language Minority Students

This study by the National Captioning Institute analyzes whether comprehensible input in the form of captioned television might influence bilingual students' acquisition of vocabulary and conceptual knowledge in science. Results indicated that subjects who utilized closed captioning consistently outscored others in word knowledge as well as recall of science information. An analysis of word-related and video-related factors suggested that contexts that provided explicit information yielded higher vocabulary gains. Overall, this study documents the power of captioned television in the acquisition of literacy and conceptual knowledge for bilingual students.
about research, captioning, esl
What are Captions?

Answers questions that librarians may have about captioning.
From Shannon Chenoweth about educators, captioning
"Silent Films" Revisited: Captioned Films for the Deaf

The silent films of the early 1900s had a huge audience, hearing and deaf, for public entertainment and instruction. The advent of "talkies," however, excluded deaf people from this means of access to mainstream American culture. In response to a new need for both captioned educational and entertainment films for deaf people, Congress passed Public Law 85-905 in 1958, which established Captioned Films for the Deaf as a federal program. This article addresses the history of the Captioned Films/Videos for the Deaf program, the kinds of films and videos available, and the procedures for borrowing them through educational and theatrical captioned film/video libraries. Also discussed are the various captioning processes and the implications of the availability of these materials for librarians who are concerned about the special needs of the deaf community.
about dcmp, captioning, history
Closed Captioned TV: A Resource for ESL Literacy Education

It has been four years since the publication of "Closed Captioned Television for Adult ESL Literacy Learners" (Spanos & Smith, 1990). Since that time, interest in the subject has been growing among teachers, students, and researchers. What is new in closed-captioned television (CCTV)? Recent technological, pedagogical, and regulatory developments have heightened awareness and appreciation of the medium's educational potential. This digest reports on new captioning legislation that increases access to captioned programs and on new research, technology, and uses of closed captions in the field of adult ESL.
about research, captioning, esl
Teacher Survey of Captioned Media

Research for school use of captioned media from 1993-1996
From Gallaudet University about history, captioning
Closed Captioning Standards and Protocol for Canadian English Language Broadcasters

This 2004 manual provides general guidelines on closed captioning in Canada. Begins with the Canadian Radio, Television, and Telecommunications Commission's (CRTC) regulatory standards for closed captioning. Explains how to correctly present the following caption types: off-line roll-up and pop-on, as well as on-line real-time, live-display, and teleprompter. Includes a chapter regarding the history of captioning in Canada.
about research, captioning, educators
Malcolm Joseph Norwood Tribute in CFV Newsletter and Vitae

Dr. Malcolm Norwood, former chief of the Captioning and Adaptation Branch of the Department of Education, died of a heart attack on March 23, 1989. Mac was known throughout the world of deaf education as the "father" of closed captioning. His leadership from the early 1960s when the criteria and technology for 16mm captioning was developed, until the advent of Line 21 captioning for television broadcasting, was invariably enthusiastic, energetic, and innovative. Mac was proof of the adage, "Where there's a will, there's a way." Mac held a Ph.D degree as an educator, but above all he was a loving husband, father, and friend. (Captioned Films/Videos for the Deaf Newsletter, April, 1989.)
From Bill Stark about history, dcmp, captioning
Television Decoder Circuitry Act of 1990

Basic information and provisions of the 1990 law requiring built-in decoder circuitry.
about manuals-and-guidelines, captioning
The Effects of Keyword Captions to Authentic French Video on Learner Comprehension

A study by Helen Gant Guillory in 1998. The three different amounts of text used were compared: full text, keywords, and no text. The results of the experiment showed that the keyword captions group outperformed the no-text group and that the full text captions group outperformed the keyword captions group. However, a post-hoc analysis revealed no significant difference between the means of the full text captions group and the keyword captions group. The positive effect of both keyword and full text captions on comprehension, the basic research hypothesis, was confirmed.
From Helen Gant Guillory about research, captioning

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Learning Center

Captioning and Interpreting of Films and Videos: Do Both Have a Place?

Real-Time Captioning

The Closed Captioning Process

The Telecommunications Act Of 1996

Viewer Reaction To Different Captioned Television Speeds

ERIC Digests and Database Reports on Captioning Research Results (Nine Reports)

Using Captioned Television to Improve the Reading Proficiency of Language Minority Students

What are Captions?

"Silent Films" Revisited: Captioned Films for the Deaf

Closed Captioned TV: A Resource for ESL Literacy Education

Teacher Survey of Captioned Media

Closed Captioning Standards and Protocol for Canadian English Language Broadcasters

Malcolm Joseph Norwood Tribute in CFV Newsletter and Vitae

Television Decoder Circuitry Act of 1990

The Effects of Keyword Captions to Authentic French Video on Learner Comprehension